The goal of this blog is simple: to arm chief information officers (CIOs) and other network professionals with quick and easy talking points to think and speak intelligently about enterprise Wi-Fi and 5G.
Private cellular is suitable for wide areas, outdoor spaces, industrial devices, and mobility. Whereas, Wi-Fi is often best suited for indoor and small outdoor areas, especially for high density, bulk data, and ubiquitous device support. There exists a grey area in between where both technologies will fit.
When I use the word “convergence” in this context, I do not mean the two will become one. Instead, I believe the experience of managing and operating both wireless technologies will become more similar and unified over time. Below are some false narratives and how we should capture and reframe the pseudo-truths in both.
Private 5G will be a “hotspot” solution for specific areas, applications, and use cases for at least the next five years. Wi-Fi is too ubiquitous and too cheap to replace.
There are specific verticals where private cellular really shines, like energy & utilities, transportation, agriculture, and mining, but Wi-Fi is still needed everywhere else. So for most environments, the question is not “which technology should I choose,” but instead “do I need to add 5G to supplement my existing Ethernet and Wi-Fi networking infrastructure.”
Don’t focus on radios and management and cloud license costs. Some vendor packaging will come around and drive down the cost of 5G infrastructure to make it comparable enough to Wi-Fi. Focus instead on devices.
Consumerization drives devices from consumers into enterprises. Since the client device cellular chips and radio components are far more expensive than Wi-Fi, consumer device makers are more likely to choose BLE and Wi-Fi over 5G to improve pricing, market acceptance, and margins. 5G costs will decrease over time, but not enough. And by then, we’re talking about 6G, and Wi-Fi is still ubiquitous.
Unlicensed spectrum is a bit like open-source software. They’re both low cost and accessible, which drives adoption. Eventually unlicensed wireless, like open-source software, is embedded in everything. Once it becomes universal, it is very difficult to displace, and thus, score one for unlicensed Wi-Fi.
Conversely, cellular is reliable and predictable in large part because of the protections afforded by spectrum licenses. But, spectrum licenses are restricted to deep-pocketed mobile operators capable of wielding that spectrum power to offer reliable services to enterprises—score one for licensed cellular.
A legitimate wild card is private/local licensing approaches like Citizens Broadband Radio Service
(CBRS). It may not be enough spectrum to solve all your wireless problems, but it is certainly enough to open new “hotspot” solutions to enterprises struggling with the range, determinism, or mobility shortcomings of Wi-Fi for specific devices and applications. Score one for locally-licensed cellular (where available).
We have fallen into an apples-to-oranges comparison by pitting Wi-Fi 6 against 5G. People need to understand that 5G is a decade-long technology rollout with at least a 20-year lifecycle. Don’t make the mistake of pitting the longer-term model of cellular and 5G against the shorter-term evolution and lifecycle of Wi-Fi 6, which will be updated in a couple of years by Wi-Fi 7, then Wi-Fi 8, and so on across the much longer 5G era. 5G is more vast and comprehensive in its end-to-end scope, but Wi-Fi is more agile and adaptive with more frequent evolution cycles.
Many network professionals started with routing, switching, and Wi-Fi, and those skills are beneficial. But there are many aspects of cellular that require more training for enterprise network folks. The frequencies and regulations are different; visibility, troubleshooting, and analysis tools are different; the lexicon is different; policy and device authentication are different; and so many parts of the technology stack are different. And even for the cellular industry, the traditional stack used to deploy macro public networks are also changing since that model doesn’t necessarily work well for private networks.
Keep in mind that this entire cellular technology stack is new for enterprises. The industry is also in flux, so everyone is on a learning curve at the same time. Nonetheless, there are far more trained Wi-Fi professionals than 5G networking professionals, so there is a serious skills gap that needs to be filled before 5G becomes a manageable and ubiquitous enterprise option.
Finally, there is so much money at stake in cellular generational shifts that we have washed away in marketing. It’s difficult to know what to actually believe. Here are some counter-hype sedatives:
The 5G picture painted by marketing is not the 5G of reality. Align your expectations accordingly.
So, there you have it. A handful of talking points that can steer your internal conversations and perspectives on wireless co-existence, competition, and convergence. Still need to arm yourself for these conversations? You can download a pocket-guide summary of all these talking points:
And if you want a deeper dive, I wrote a 5-part series on this topic (links below). Finally, we’d love to interact on this topic—connect with our Office of the CTO on LinkedIn.
This blog was originally authored by Marcus Burton, Architect, Cloud Technology
